Ho Chi Minh City held the leading role of the Vietnam economy. City accounted for 0.6% and 7.5% area of Vietnam's population but account for 20.2% of GDP, 27.9% of industrial production and 34.9% of foreign projects [ 29]. In 2005, Ho Chi Minh has 4,344,000 employees, of which 139 thousand people outside the working age but are still engaged in work [30]. In 2007, per capita income in the city reached $ 2,100 / year, higher than the national average, 730 USD / year in 2006 [31].
The economy of Ho Chi Minh City diverse, ranging from mining, fisheries, agriculture, processing industry, construction tourism, finance ... The economic structure of the city, the state sector accounted for 33.3%, non-state enterprises accounted for 44.6%, the remainder is the area of foreign investment capital. Regarding economic sectors and services the highest proportion: 51.1%. The rest, industry and construction accounted for 47.7%, agriculture, forestry and fisheries account for only 1.2% [32].
As of mid 2006, three export processing zones and 12 industrial zones in Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam has attracted 1,092 projects, of which 452 projects with foreign investment with a total investment of more than 1, 9 billion dollars and 19.5 trillion [33]. The city is also head of Vietnam investment total foreign direct 2,530 FDI projects with total capital of $ 16.6 billion at the end of 2007 [34]. In 2007, the city attracts more than 400 projects with nearly 3 billion USD [35].
On trade, Ho Chi Minh City is a shopping center systems, supermarket, market diversification. Ben Thanh Market is a symbol of trade exchange between the ancient city, is still holding a significant role. The recent decades, many modern commercial center appears as Saigon Trade Centre, Diamond Plaza ... Consumption of Ho Chi Minh is also higher than other provinces in Vietnam and 1.5 times the capital, Hanoi [36]. Stock Exchange in Ho Chi Minh City, there is code VN-Index trading, was established in July 1998. As of December 31, 2007, the market has 507 listed securities, of which 138 shares with a total market value of reaching 365 trillion [37].
However, the economy of Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam still faces many difficulties. The whole city is only 10% industrial base level of modern technology. Of these, 21/212 base textile, 4 / 40 footwear base, 6 / 68 the chemical industry base, 14/144 base of food processing, plastic rubber 18/96 basis, 5 / 46 base machine ... level of technology, advanced manufacturing techniques [38]. The infrastructure of the city's outdated, overloaded, only high consumer prices, social vices, administrative complexity ... also cause difficulties for the economy [35]. The industry is moving toward the city areas of high and bring more economic efficiency.
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According to census date 01/04/2009 Ho Chi Minh City has a population of 7,123,340 people [1], consisting of 1,812,086 households, an average of 3.93 persons / household. By sex: Male with 3,425,925 people accounted for 48.1%, women accounted for 51.9% 3,697,415 people. The city's population increased rapidly, in 10 years from 1999-2009 the city's population increased by 2,086.185 persons, an average increase of nearly 209,000 people / year growth rate 3.53% / year, accounting for 22% of the population increase of country within 10 years. Binh Tan District has the largest population with 572,796 people, equivalent to the population in some provinces such as Quang Tri and Ninh Thuan Gio has the lowest population with 68,213 people [39]. Not only is the most populous city in Vietnam, with a population of Ho Chi Minh City than in most European capital cities except Moscow and London. According to statistics in 2004, 85.24% of the population live in urban areas of Ho Chi Minh City and has nearly a fifth are migrants from other provinces. The structure of ethnic Kinh people account for 92.91% of the population of the city, next to the U.S. with 6.69%, the rest are ethnic Cham, Khmer ... People United in Ho Chi Minh City residents throughout the district, but most concentrated in District 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, and has contributed significantly to the city economy [40] .
The population distribution in Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam is not uniform, even the inner districts. While District 3, 4, 5 or 10, 11 density of over 40,000 people / km ², the District 2, 9, 12 only about 2,000 to 6,000 people / km ². In suburban districts, population density is very low, as should now only 96 people / km ² [25]. On the level of population growth, while the natural growth rate 1.07%, the mechanical rate of up to 1.9% [41]. It is estimated that in 2005, the average day, about 1 million visitors in Ho Chi Minh City. By 2010, this number can increase to 2 million [42].
Although Ho Chi Minh City income per capita is far higher than the average of both Vietnam, but the gap between rich and poor due to the impact of market economy. Those who work in the commercial sector than in manufacturing. Social differences still clearly between the inner districts than in suburban districts.
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